Applied scholarship

Research for pharmacy and healthcare decisions

Chad tests pharmacy and healthcare questions against current law, evidence, and market structure.

The work connects legal authority, pharmacy operations, reimbursement, competition, and patient access.

Why the research matters

Test assumptions before leaders act

The work examines PBM strategy, pharmacy competition, reimbursement, and regulatory risk against current law and evidence. It helps leaders see how a commercial decision may affect access, contracts, and operations.

Accepted; forthcoming

The PBM Shield: ERISA Preemption and the Foreclosure of Pharmacy Competition

Toby C. “Chad” Frost

University of Maryland Journal of Health Care Law & Policy, Vol. 30

The article examines when ERISA preemption protects plan design and when state law instead regulates the commercial conduct of a PBM intermediary. It proposes a more precise analysis of pharmacy reimbursement, network design, patient steering, and state regulatory authority.

Citation, external link, and authorized manuscript access will be added when documented and available.

UNDER REVIEW

Article Under Anonymous Review

Details withheld while editorial review remains pending.

Publication information pending

Further information will be added after the editorial process concludes.